Dec. 10, 2024, 12:39 am ET

Quick Brief

2-Minute Digest

Essential Context

As vehicles grow larger, pedestrian deaths have surged 80% since 2009. IIHS research reveals that every 4-inch increase in front-end height raises fatality risk by 22%.

Core Players

• Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS)
• David Harkey – IIHS President
• Wen Hu – IIHS Senior Research Engineer
• University of Hawaii Research Team

Key Numbers

• 45% higher fatality risk with hood heights over 40 inches
• 26% increased risk from blunt vs. sloped front ends
• 7,400 pedestrian deaths in 2021
• 20+ pedestrian deaths per day average

Full Depth

The Catalyst

The dramatic rise in pedestrian fatalities coincides with America’s shift toward larger vehicles. Modern SUVs and trucks now dominate U.S. roads, creating unprecedented safety challenges.

Inside Forces

Vehicle design trends favor higher hood lines and blunter fronts, directly conflicting with pedestrian safety. Manufacturers prioritize driver visibility and perceived safety over pedestrian protection.

Power Dynamics

Automakers hold primary influence over vehicle design decisions. Safety organizations like IIHS are pushing for reforms, but lack direct regulatory authority.

Outside Impact

Higher pedestrian fatality rates affect urban planning, insurance costs, and public health policies. Low-income communities and elderly pedestrians face disproportionate risks.

Future Forces

Potential solutions include:

• Mandatory pedestrian safety standards
• Front-end height restrictions
• Advanced pedestrian detection systems
• Reformed vehicle safety ratings

Data Points

• 2009: Baseline year for pedestrian fatality increase
• 2021: Peak year with 7,400 deaths
• 312% higher fatality risk at 50 mph vs. 30 mph
• 3x higher death rate at night
• 1,000-pound average vehicle weight increase since 1990